EPA, HEPA and ULPA filters for absolute air purification from the manufacturer

EPA / HEPA / ULPA filters

EPA / HEPA / ULPA filters
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PHAUF highly effective air filters are intended for removing the suspended particles in the ventilation systems of clean premises of ISO 1-9 (ISO 14644-1- 2002), and are also used in the systems of combined extract and input ventilation to meet special requirements to the air purity.

Meets the highest sanitary and hygiene requirements to the air purity in the premises. They are used in such industries as pharmaceuticals, medicine, nuclear power, and food industry.

PHAUF filters are produced using “zero exhaust” technology that comprises automated assembly, individual vacuum packaging in a clean premises of ISO7 class, and quality control of each produced item with an automatic TOPAS scanner.

Here you can order air filters of various designs, in accordance with the latest international standards.



About HEPA air absolute cleaning filters

Poor air quality inside the premises has a negative impact on the health of the people present there, the effectiveness of certain technological processes and the reliability of the products.

The degree of air contamination is determined by the number of suspended finely dispersed contaminants – animate and inanimate substances of aerosol particulate matter.

Air particles classification

Designation Particles diametre Description
РМ 10 Less than 10 μm Settle down fast (dust, smoke, cinder, soot, etc.)
РМ 2.5
(FSP)
Less than 2.5 μm Stay in the air for a long time
Able to penetrate through biological membranes (particulate matter, tobacco smoke and exhaust air, heavy metal compounds, pollen, allergens, fungi, dust mites, microorganisms, spores, etc.)
РМ 1 Less than 1 μm Constantly circulate in the air
Easily penetrate biological membranes (bacteria, viruses, gas and toxin molecules, radioactive particles)

At the stage of preliminary cleaning, the air supplied to the premises is cleaned from the flying insects, animal dander, mud, dust, and “large” particulate matter of over 5.0 μm.

For this purpose, plenum exhaust ventilation systems of buildings and industrial enterprises are equipped with rough (classes G1-4), medium (class M5-6) and fine (F7-9) filters.

However, the premises with higher requirements to microclimate conditions or with a designated purity class require additional ultrafine cleaning of air masses.

This task can be performed by modern absolute air filters НЕРА (High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance).

By capturing РМ2.5 and РМ1 contaminants of less than 0.1 μm, they practically make the air sterile.

НЕРА filters are compulsory at the final air cleaning stage of so-called “clean premises” according to ISO 1-9 classes and related specifically controlled areas.

The levels of air cleanness (by the content of suspended particles) are established and set out in the interstate standard GOST ISO 14644-1-2002.

Purity classes and effectiveness of HEPA filters

By their effectiveness, HEPA filters are divided into three groups: ЕРА, НЕРА and ULPA.

Their effectiveness and purity class are determined by the number of MMPS (Most Penetrating Particle Size) exhausted back into the environment per litre of air. The size of nanoparticles able to pass through a HEPA filter is 0.3 μm or less.

HEPA filters purity classes

HEPA class filters group Purity class Efficiency (integral value, %) Particles breakthrough (integral value, %)
ЕРА Е10 ≥85 ≤15
ЕРА Е11 ≥95 ≤5,0
ЕРА Е12 ≥99,5 ≤0,5
НЕРА Н13 ≥99,95 ≤0,05
НЕРА Н14 ≥99,995 ≤0,005
ULPA U15 ≥99,9995 ≤0,0005
ULPA U16 ≥99,99995 ≤0,00005
ULPA U17 ≥99,999995 ≤0,000005

Areas of application of high and ultrahigh efficiency filters

As mentioned earlier, HEPA filters of ventilation systems are intended for absorbing the smallest contaminants from the intake and exhaust air at the final stage of cleaning.

Absolute filters are used in the following segments:

  • Foodstuff industry and chemical industry
  • Precision machinery industry
  • Aerospace industry
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Microbiology
  • Nuclear power
  • Microelectronics
  • etc.

They are used to sterilize the air in the special areas of medical institutions:

  • Pre-operating and operating rooms
  • Labour wards
  • Rooms for neo-natal, premature and traumatized children
  • Sterile areas of central sterile services departments
  • Hospitals and treatment centres for infectious diseases
  • Clinical, biochemical and biological laboratories
  • etc.

They are also used in high-quality equipment for the aspiration of air in the working areas, protection of the operator and the environment, such as exhaust hoods and laminar flow hoods.

The equipment of multi-step filtration and ventilation systems with high-quality filters improves the quality of residential, museum and other premises with high hygienic requirements.

What filtering materials are used?

Fine fibre paper fabric is usually used as the filtering material for ventilation HEPA.

The structure of fibre paper is usually presented by randomly located superfine glass reinforced plastic fibres with a diametre of 0.5-6.5 μm. The distance between them does not exceed 40 μm. The diameter of a human hair, for example, is equal to 880-120 μm.

The filtering material is soaked with antibacterial solution in order to suppress the activity of the absorbed microorganisms.

Design of HEPA air filters

The productivity of ventilation of the cleaning agents depends on the area of the permeable surface.

That’s why the filtering element in HEPA filters is corrugated – folded into a concertina.

To ensure that the corrugated folds are even and to prevent them from sticking together and limiting the air flow, they are divided by a separator made of aluminium foil or synthetic yarn.

A corrugated filter package is inserted into a rigid reinforced frame.

The frame, depending on the terms of use, may be made of aluminium alloy, stainless or galvanized steel, or grinded MDF.

The reliability and air-tightness of the filter package fastening to the frame perimeter is procured by the special polyurethane glue.

Each finished item is tested on a stand.

A computer-aided scanner checks the integrity of the item and the effectiveness of the filtering material.

Gel or foamed sealing is applied on one or both sides across the outer perimeter of the filter case. It provides for air-tight fitting of the filter into the ventilation system elements during the device assembly.

Key operating principles of absolute air cleaning filters

It would be a big mistake to think that an absolute filter draws off micro-particles from the air flow like a tea strainer.

The distance between randomly located fibres of the filtering material is significantly higher than the size of captured PM2.5 particles, not to mention PM1 contaminants.

It is clear that the absolute filter has a sieve effect. But capturing large particles leads to its fast contamination and breakdown.

Therefore, it is harmful and unreasonable to use a superfine device as a “rough strainer”.

The operating principle of highly effective HEPA filters is based on adhesion.

What is adhesion?

Adhesion (adhaesio) or sticking is a physical phenomenon consisting in the “gluing” of the surfaces of different or similar (in case of auto-adhesion) fluid or solid bodies.

The adhesion effect is based on intermolecular and interatomic interaction (van der Waals forces).

For micro-particles the tensile strength of adhesion exceeds 600 Pa.

In order to glue tightly to the filtering fibre, a microparticle needs to just touch it or to approximate it significantly.

Let us explain how such approximation works.

Tools of capturing microparticles by the absolute filter fibres:

  • Inertia
  • Interception
  • Diffusion

Inertia

The inertia effect works for relatively “large” and “heavy” contaminants with the size of over 0.3 μm.

After entering the mass of the filtering material, the air jets easily navigate around the filtering fibres.

However, “large” particles, due to their weight, do not manage to “make a timely turn”. Moving along their usual trajectory, they “hit” the fibers and glue to them tightly.

Interception

The interception or interlocking effect is universal and applies to the contaminants of any size.

Moving with the air flow through many randomly interwoven filtering fibres, a particle will inevitably approach and, due to adhesion effect, stick to one of them.

Diffusion

The diffusion effect is observed in respect of ultrafine contaminants below 0.1 μm.

Moving in a crowd with air gases’ molecules (О2, СО2, N2, etc.), they hit the latter, fly away, swing and deviate from the trajectory established by the airflow.

The movement of such microparticles becomes disorderly and resembles the Brownian motion. By hanging around in the mass of the HEPA trap, it is not difficult to run against a filtering fibre, by chance or due to inertia.

In case of diffusion, all of the above effects of particles capturing apply simultaneously.

It is evident that when microobjects move through a “thick forest” of absolute filter fibres, the total probability of their capturing, and, therefore, the filter effectiveness approaches 100%.

Advantages of HEPA filters

  1. In case of proper use, the effectiveness of HEPA filter grows with time. As microparticles stick to the fiber, the structure of fibre paper becomes more dense. It means that the number of interceptions of micro-contaminants increases
  2. The filter is produced from damp-proof and fire-resistance materials (fire safety class F1)
  3. Easy to assemble and use
  4. Maintains declared effectiveness even in complicated operating conditions
  5. Compact design, small weight
  6. Affordable price

Difference between ULPA and HEPA filters

There is no structural difference between fine HEPA filters and superfine ULPA filters.

ULPA ultrafine purity class is achieved due to the improvement of the functional properties of fibrous materials, and enhancing their chemical and microscopic characteristics:

  • Finer and better capturing filtering fibres
  • Denser fibre laying (by reducing diametre)
  • Upgrading the fibre composition
  • Improvement of technological processes of glass fibre production
  • etc.

Methods of assembly and operation specifics

Prior to commissioning into operation, a HEPA filter is placed into a special filter box. The filter shall be assembled by a qualified specialist strictly in compliance with hygienic requirements.

HEPA-boxes are issued in different designs, from different materials, such as galvanized steel.

At each box, there is a port for measuring the pressure drop at the filter and a device for regulating the air flap at the air inlet.

The pressure mechanisms and aluminium profile of the construction provide for 100% sealing of the filter installation into the filter box element.

It is important to remember that the air fed into a highly effective filter is subject to preliminary cleaning. Otherwise, HEPA will get obstructed with mud and break down.

Therefore, when you decide to buy a HEPA filter for ventilation, you need to equip the plenum and exhaust system with a cascade of devices for rough and fine air cleaning.

The period of effective work of an absolute filter depends on the conditions of its operation and the functional characteristics of the filtering material but does not exceed 12 months in any case.

A used cassette of an absolute ventilation filter cannot be cleaned or flushed – it is disposable. A clogged HEPA air filter shall be replaced with a new one.

What are the factors that influence the price of ordering a HEPA / ULPA filter?

Absolute filters can be produced according to standard modifications or customized.

The ultimate cost of product depends on the cleaning class, form and dimensions of a cassette (filter), characteristics of a filtering fabric, frame profile material, separator type and individual requirements and preferences of the customer.

HEPA class air filters of PHAUF brand by Research and Production Company MICROSISTEMA LLC perform ultimate highly effective cleaning of the air in the premises according to ISO standards.

Our production meet the strict requirements of the international standard EN 1822-1:2009 and the Russian national standard GOST R EN 1822-1-2010.


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